APPLICATION OF SELF-ETCH ADHESIVES IN PHOTORESTORATION: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Abstract. This article examines the application of self-etching adhesives in photopolymer restorations, discussing their benefits and drawbacks in dental practice. These adhesives streamline the bonding process and enhance procedural efficiency while reducing postoperative sensitivity. However, their lower adhesion to enamel and limited compatibility with certain composite materials present challenges. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of their clinical use and implications.

Keywords: self-etch adhesives, photopolymer restoration, enamel bonding, postoperative sensitivity, adhesive dentistry.

Relevance. The introduction of self-etching adhesives has marked a significant advancement in restorative dentistry. Their simplified application process and reduced risk of postoperative sensitivity have made them increasingly popular among dental practitioners. This article delves into the mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of these adhesives, providing insights for optimizing their clinical use.

Self-etch adhesives are designed to simultaneously etch, prime, and bond, offering a more straightforward process than traditional "etch-and-rinse" systems. This feature minimizes technique sensitivity and reduces errors during restoration procedures. Studies indicate that self-etch adhesives can decrease procedural time by up to 30% without compromising adhesive strength [1, p. 50].

One of the key benefits of self-etching systems is the reduction of postoperative sensitivity. By combining the etching and priming stages, these adhesives prevent over-etching and excessive dentin dehydration, leading to greater patient comfort [2, p. 75].

Advantages of self-etching adhesives in photopolymer restorations:

• Simplified application: integration of etching, priming, and bonding in one step.
• Reduction in sensitivity: prevention of over-etching and exposure of dentinal tubules.
• Improved efficiency: shortened procedure time, particularly beneficial in busy practices.
• Enhanced dentin compatibility: strong adhesion to dentin, especially in deeper cavities.

Despite these advantages, self-etching adhesives have notable limitations. Their bond strength to enamel is generally weaker than that of "etch-and-rinse" systems, due to insufficient enamel etching. This may result in marginal discoloration or premature restoration failure, particularly in high-stress areas [3, p. 102]. Furthermore, the universal compatibility of self-etching adhesives with different composite materials remains an issue, as some systems exhibit reduced effectiveness with specific composites [4, p. 88].

Disadvantages of self-etching adhesives:

• Weaker enamel bonding: limited etching effect on enamel.
• Restricted compatibility: performance varies with different composite materials.
• Higher cost: more expensive than traditional "etch-and-rinse" systems.

Future advancements in adhesive dentistry aim to address these challenges. Innovations, such as universal adhesives, seek to combine the strengths of self-etching and "etch-and-rinse" systems, providing greater versatility and improved clinical outcomes. Additionally, research in nanotechnology and bioactive materials opens possibilities for adhesives with superior mechanical properties and biocompatibility [5, p. 120]. The integration of self-etching adhesives with modern dental technologies is a promising area of development. For instance, laser etching combined with self-etch adhesives has shown potential in improving enamel bonding. This approach uses lasers to create micropores in enamel, enhancing the penetration of adhesives and increasing their retention strength [6, p. 142]. Additionally, digital workflows in dentistry, such as CAD/CAM systems, have expanded the applications of self-etching adhesives by ensuring precise preparation and bonding of indirect restorations. These technologies reduce human error and improve the longevity of restorations by optimizing adhesive performance. In conclusion, self-etching adhesives play a pivotal role in modern photopolymer restoration, offering significant benefits in terms of efficiency and patient comfort. Despite challenges with enamel bonding and material compatibility, ongoing advancements in adhesive technology continue to expand their clinical applications. Dentists should carefully assess individual cases to select the most appropriate adhesive system, ensuring effectiveness, durability, and patient satisfaction