THE USE OF LASERS IN THERAPEUTIC DENTISTRY ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS

Abstract. This article explores the role of laser technology in therapeutic dentistry, highlighting its applications in caries treatment, root canal therapy, periodontal procedures, and soft tissue surgeries. The precision, efficiency, and reduced discomfort associated with laser treatments make them a valuable tool in modern dental practice. However, challenges such as high costs and a steep learning curve limit their widespread adoption.

Keywords: lasers in dentistry, caries treatment, root canal therapy, periodontal procedures, soft tissue surgery, dental innovation.

Relevance. The advent of laser technology has transformed therapeutic dentistry, offering innovative solutions for improving patient care and treatment outcomes. Lasers provide unparalleled precision and the ability to target specific tissues while minimizing damage to surrounding areas. This makes them an indispensable tool for various dental procedures, from minimally invasive caries removal to advanced periodontal surgeries. Lasers are widely used for caries detection and treatment. Low-intensity diode lasers allow early detection of carious lesions by identifying subtle changes in tooth structure. For caries removal, erbium lasers effectively ablate decayed enamel and dentin without the need for mechanical instruments, ensuring a more comfortable experience for patients [1, p. 67]. One of the less commonly discussed yet highly effective applications of lasers in therapeutic dentistry is the management of dental hypersensitivity. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been shown to reduce sensitivity by promoting the closure of exposed dentinal tubules and stimulating nerve desensitization. This approach is particularly beneficial for patients experiencing chronic discomfort from thermal or tactile stimuli. Unlike traditional desensitizing agents, lasers offer a non-invasive, pain-free solution with immediate and long-lasting results. Additionally, their anti-inflammatory properties contribute to overall oral health by reducing gingival irritation often associated with hypersensitivity [7, p. 92].

In root canal therapy, lasers contribute to the sterilization of root canals by eliminating bacteria and debris that traditional techniques might miss. Studies show that laser-assisted irrigation significantly enhances the success rate of endodontic procedures by ensuring a cleaner canal system [2, p. 89].

For periodontal treatment, lasers such as Nd: YAG are used to remove diseased tissue and promote the regeneration of healthy tissue. This method reduces bleeding, minimizes postoperative discomfort, and accelerates healing compared to conventional surgical approaches [3, p. 45].

Advantages of Laser Use in Dentistry

• Minimally invasive procedures: lasers allow precise targeting of tissues, reducing damage to adjacent structures.
• Patient comfort: decreased pain, less bleeding, and shorter recovery times enhance the patient experience.
• Improved efficiency: lasers often reduce the need for local anesthesia and shorten treatment durations.
• Enhanced sterilization: their antibacterial properties make lasers especially useful in endodontic and periodontal treatments.

Despite their numerous advantages, the use of lasers in dentistry is not without challenges. High equipment costs and the need for specialized training pose significant barriers to widespread adoption. Additionally, lasers are not suitable for all dental procedures, as their effectiveness depends on the type of tissue and condition being treated [4, p. 78]. Recent advancements in laser technology continue to expand its applications in therapeutic dentistry. For instance, the integration of AI-powered lasers has improved precision and efficiency, particularly in complex procedures like implant surgery. AI algorithms analyze tissue properties in real time, allowing for optimal laser settings and reducing the risk of complications [5, p. 102]. The future of laser dentistry lies in its ability to offer tailored treatments. For example, lasers are ideal for patients with dental anxiety, as they reduce the need for drills and needles. Moreover, ongoing research in bioactive lasers aims to stimulate tissue regeneration and enhance wound healing, paving the way for more holistic and minimally invasive approaches to dental care [6, p. 54]. In conclusion, lasers have become an integral part of therapeutic dentistry, offering precision, efficiency, and improved patient outcomes. While challenges remain, continued technological advancements and increasing accessibility will likely make laser treatments more prevalent in dental practices worldwide. By addressing the limitations and building on their strengths, lasers hold the potential to redefine therapeutic dentistry, making procedures safer, faster, and more comfortable for patients