To what extent does financial support affect the recovery process after a natural disaster?

Abstract. This paper investigates a whole way of the city reconstruction process after natural disasters. Natural disasters always make a lot of other difficulties, and here is discussed on how to go through these difficulties. The methods used are a literature review and an interview. These methods are the most appropriate ones for the chosen topic. The literature review consists of information about the main steps or spheres to recover, and there are arguments provided. The aim of the interview is to see the problem from different perspectives with the help of specialties so that the interviewees are people of diverse professions connected to the problem. The results showed that every sphere in the reconstruction process firstly should be planned step by step, and only then the reconstruction could start. In conclusion, financial support directly affects the recovery time and recovery’s quality.

Keywords: natural disasters, reconstruction process, economic recovery, city infrastructure, resources.

Authenticity Declaration

I declare that the work in this research project is my own and is authentic. All resources and sources are acknowledged and cited, where sources and resources of other people have been used.

Introduction

Nowadays, the issue of recovering the city infrastructure after a natural disaster is becoming more actual while the climate is changing and the environment challenges people. For now, we have seen a lot of natural disasters any other type such as tsunami, floods, earthquakes, and tornadoes. All of them cause very harmful destruction of ecosystems and infrastructures with a huge number of deaths. However, if ecosystems can naturally recover themselves in some time, infrastructure cannot rebuild itself and if it will not be reconstructed it will stay until the end of the time. Without a correct specialists work the city cannot be recovered appropriately so that people could live there. So my research will contain information on the topic of city infrastructure recovering after natural disasters. There are some reasons why I have chosen this topic and difficulties or problems and limitations which I could face during the project.

Reasons:

1. As a student of NIS I always want to find something new to think about and this question is very interesting for me to observe, because I cannot think about ordinary things when I know that someone is in difficult life situation. There are not only cities, there are also a lot of villages in Australia. So if we will think about the number of people who have got an injure or lost his home because of wildfire we will get very horrible and big result.
2. This problem is relevant, because now a lot of people and animals are suffering from natural disasters and their consequences. For example, there are forestfires in Australia today, where 1 billion of animals of different species were dead in fire and also there are people who lost their own dwellings in fire.
3. Also I chose this topic, because I have not seen it before, that means that nobody cares about the problem, so people think onle about themselves and do not pay attention on people who have some difficulties in life. However, they should think about others, because we are all people and any of us can go under such situation, at that time someone could help you as he can.

Possible limitations/problems:

I am not sure that every architect can answer my questions, because they need to think about the question and make some notes(ideas) and only after that I can get the final answer. So the problem is waiting for a period of time after the interview. Also other interviewees can struggle to answer some questions so that there would be questions on which I would not find an answer from particular respondents.

I am afraid of lack of information on the topic, because there are a few observations and articles on the topic. So there will be some difficulties during the data searching process.

Literature Review

Economic Recovery

According to Chang and Rose (2012), economic recovery is a very important aspect of the big society recover and it considers returning of business and local economies to its previous level, that they had before the disaster. There is another term named economic effect and it differs from the economic recovery in two points. First is that impact relates to outcomes of disaster but recovery is based on covering them. Second is so-called units, the impact is measured in dollars, while economic recovery is measured in time (“how much time would it take to recover?”).  Also, authors are citing the National Research Council(2006) and say that all businesses and local economy facilities are resistant to disasters and that most businesses recover. At the same time, some businesses have many more difficulties than others to recover, but all of them will have a problem of recovering before infrastructure is reconstructed. The research shown in this article is based on empirical studies and some types of models that were done before.

Education

Kennedy (2011) thinks that after catastrophes schools and universities should recover in the shortest time to allow their students to study and learn. Here we can see the educational side of the recovering process or connection between recovery and education. Today education is one of the main factors which form people's identity and make their knowledge about life and the world at all broader. However, recovery can go very slow and schools are in need to be reconstructed first because they have a big importance for society and it's forming process. Furthermore, the author mentions that disasters give a chance to renew the buildings and facilities as the will have to be reconstructed. These developments can include implementing technologically updated systems in use and protection from such types of disasters taken from a new experience that connects the technological side of the problem.

Electric power system

Research by Arab, Khodaei, Han, and Khator (2015) supported information about electric power grid recovery. They talk not only about its recovery but also about making this system resilient to other situations connected with natural disasters and introduce a new mechanism of this system's switching off before the natural disaster comes.  Electricity is one of the most important recovery prospects because after taking the rubbish off workers should start works in which they need to use instruments and other stuff that could be connected to electricity. Of course, they can use portable batteries, but it will stop their work sometimes to recharge them, or if they will have permanent access to a power grid the work would not be stopped and it will be much more productive. Also, one aspect which they talk about is electricity for people's needs, people should have a connection with the outer world and other people such as their relatives. A vast majority of citizens will be evacuated, but the less part of those who will stay at home should have some access to electro power. After that authors discuss the ways of recovery planning, physical behavior of disasters on power system infrastructure and scientific side of the problem.

Resource utilization

According to Orabi, Senouci, El-Rayes & Al-Derham (2010), there should be an accurate plan of the recovery process where needs to be included information about the total damage that disaster caused to infrastructure and the cost of its repairment. It needs to be made before the works start because only the recovery itself takes about 5-10 years and if it will not be planned works could be stopped to find the next object, building to repair. This reconstruction plan should develop resource utilization. Resource utilization means to reuse some undamaged parts or elements of buildings and other constructions or recycle the parts that cannot be used without reworking it. This common thing could make the recovery process cheaper and it will take much less time to finish. After that authors talk about the resource utilization model, the stages of using this model and about recovery at all.

Mobility

Cook & Butz talk about mobility and immobility in the time of recovery. They take the Attabad Landslide in 2010 as an example and discuss the main question according to it. This landslide has destroyed a big part of Karakoram Highway which was the main roadway of the region at that time. So it was a trouble for all people who lived in villages and they hadn't any access to the city when the road became impassable. Besides, the majority of households lost their farms and croplands it means that they have lost their food and money for life. After the landslide, there was economic demobilization in that region. The government found a new way of getting to the other side of the Attabad lake for some time they made a boat way to another side, and people used it to get there. Next 6 months people and the government was trying to make the lake way stable and safe by constructing new big boats that can take more than 4 people per trip to the other side and also they made up a jeep booking system to have a car on that side where you have to arrive, like a taxi system but more expensive. This way helped all people to stay communicated with cities in a very short time.

Aims

The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of financial support on recovering time and to find out the main steps during the recovery process. So this research will stop on these sub-questions:

• How does financial support affect recovery time?
• What are the main steps during the recovery process?

Expected outcomes:

To find a stepwise strategy of effective and productive rebuilding. It means to find the fastest way to build hard constructions.

To find a way of how financial help or sponsor's material helps affects the recovery process's ongoing time.

Methods

This research paper is on the topic of recovering city infrastructure after natural disasters. Information collected using both primary and secondary data sources. Both of them are used to get proper results and to make research understandable for everyone. Recovering the city after the natural disaster is not so actual topic today, but natural disasters are happening very often in the last time, so this sphere should be observed. At the beginning of the research, I was searching for background information to get a general view of the problem around the world. However, the recovery process is not so actual as other problems connected with infrastructure and cities worldwide. According to this, sites don't provide much information on the topic, and each of them provides a little piece of data. This small research was only used to get the overall view and to state methods that could be used in "Literature review" further.

In the "Literature review" internet research was used, which is one of the most popular ways of gathering any type of information. But not all information posted on internet resources is true. To make sure that all data are taken from reliable authors and sources, EBSCOhost was used. This platform gives users relevant information and the opportunity to make an advanced search, which includes usage of the keywords and other parameters to be controlled. Actually, as the sources of data, articles from journals and periodicals were used. All articles used in the review were found in EBSCOhost, so their resources are credible. Articles mostly provide a piece of information taken from other people's research, so that is why they are a secondary source, and if someone is going to use my research is also going to be a secondary source. Internet research in all of its types is qualitative research because we relate to gathered information's reliability and we do not need to get a lot of answers on the topic, for instance, we need only one accurate answer with good arguments and examples.

In the data collection step, we should make another research to get more information on our topic from other people. I have chosen a qualitative research type, such as an interview. Also, the interview is a primary source of information, because we gather the data from its first source, as people. My topic is so that there are no questions that can have a multiple choice type, which is quantitative, that is why the interview was chosen. Interviewees were chosen according to their profession and specialty. They are geographer, economist, physicist, architect, and safety engineer. All of these people's work is connected with disaster or they could know something on the topic, that is related to their specialty. All questions in the interview were the same, before the interview's start I asked the interviewees to answer the question from the side of their sphere. It seems that this way of directing the questions is the most efficient of all others. The first difficulty of this method is that you should find the specialties before choosing the interviewees. The second is that some questions may seem difficult to answer for people. To overcome first we need to think about the spheres of our daily life, which are involved in disaster observation. The only way to solve the second problem is to restructure or paraphrase the question during the interview. So the interview is the best primary source of information that can be used to gather information in my research data collection.

Results

As was said before my primary source of information is an interview, so now I'm going to talk about the results of it. Answers on the first question (-How do the disasters affect city infrastructure due to their type? ) were different due to the difference in interviewees' specialties. All of them answered the given question right as it seems, their answers were full and understandable. The first interviewee's answer is the most accurate and connected with the question (see Appendix 1).

The second person gave me the answer according to her working sphere and it also was suitable, which is the economy and she said that recovery and modernization of infrastructure need a lot of financial materials, so it is the main effect. I found such type of information in my literature review (see Appendix 2).

The third expert, who is an architect, thinks that disaster affects city infrastructure in the worst way because some old historical buildings cannot be reconstructed. This information was new for me and it appears to be actual (see Appendix 3).

The safety engineer told about the information that was surprising for me. He said about the "Akbulak" company and that it has a big amount of chlorine gas which is very toxic and can cause people's death, also he mentioned that the gas store placed near to the city, so that it may cause an environmental accident comparable to a natural disaster (see Appendix 5).

An interesting example was shown by the first interviewee, as an answer on the second question, about an earthquake in Portugal that followed by a tsunami and he cited the words that one man said: "We have to barry the death and take care of the living" (see Appendix 1).

The answer to the second question of an economist is as accurate as possible. She gave a very large answer with a big number of arguments on the given issue. She used an interesting way of sorting out society's necessities according to which, in her opinion infrastructure should be recovered and modernized (see Appendix 2).

Also, the architect provides me with a very good and suitable answer. The answer was connected both with the question and her specialty. She has mentioned a piece of information about people's safety or what should be taken under consideration to not to harm people (see Appendix 3).

The second and third questions look similar because of what people struggled when faced with the third question. However, the physicist gave a very short and accurate answer to the given question (see Appendix1).

The second interviewee said about the modernization of the systems while reconstructing the infrastructure, and the argument was that things which were used 10-15 years ago, today are not appropriate. This is the side which the government always forgets about (see Appendix 2).

The safety engineer asked the second question broader than other interviewees and he was not able to answer the third question when I asked him. He said that he does not know so much information about the steps of reconstruction and because of that, he has not answered them.

Two answers that seem very similar are the answer of the second interviewee on the fourth question and the answer of the fourth interviewee on the last fifth question. Both specialists stated that all in the recovery process related to financial support or money, in other words. Also, the geography teacher mentioned that one of the affecting factors is the working force, which is true (see Appendix 2, Appendix 4).

All answers were suitable to the topic, however, most of them are not similar to each other, because of that all people have different opinions and knowledge.

Conclusion

To sum up, the research comprises a very large amount of information on the topic, and this information is enough to find an answer to my questions. All information gathered from reliable sources, as secondary research was done using EBSCOhost and primary research which was an interview was taken from specialists in many spheres that are connected to the disaster topic.

• How does financial support affect recovery time?

Financial materials that are involved in the reconstruction plan, made by governments, are directly affecting the repair of city infrastructure. The financial support includes a salary that would be paid to workers and building materials. For instance, if there would be some problems with sponsorship, so all works would be stopped until the salaries would not be paid and materials would not be bought. However, if the salaries could be paid periodically but the material will not be taken, debris cleaning works could continue going. So money has a very big effect on the time of recovery.

• What are the main steps during the recovery process?

The first and the main step of the recovery is to find all people alive and to place them in special safe places to live for a while. The second step is to estimate the total damage on the infrastructure and that make a stepwise plan of works. All garbage should be taken and some of the materials could be recycled or used for the second time. Only after this, reconstruction should start.

• To what extent does financial support affect the recovery process after a natural disaster?

As was said before sponsorship directly affects recovery time. However not only recovery time is affected by this factor but also recovery's quality. It means that high-quality building materials are very expensive, so if there will be not enough money, after some time people will start seeing the consequences of using cheap stuff while constructing the city. So governments should include the building materials cost to make a good recovery.

Appendix 1(Miguel Araujo)

-How do the disasters affect city infrastructure do to their type?

-Well, they can affect in many ways, depending on where the city is located, near the sea it can be like a typhoon, it can be a tsunami. Ua, how they affect the infrastructures, well, houses and roads are the main concerned specially, roads will cut the communications with other cities and houses will, well, if they do not kill the people that are living inside, they will create lodging problems in the cities.

-So the next question. What are the steps of the recovery process after a natural disaster?

-We had an earthquake followed by a tsunami in Portugal, in 1755, and in that time a great man, Markesh Bumbal said: “ We have to barry the death and take care of the living”. So that’s what we have to do, we have to start, we have to go through the grieving process as fast as we can and start cleaning and taking care of the city.

-What is the average time of reconstruction process due to the disaster’s origin?

-Mmm, its a good question, I don’t know if I can answer. I think the main, well, roads and main housing for people should be reconstructed as fast as possible, I cannot precise may be couple of months, I don’t know, but there is another aspect that is the phsycological part of people and that can take years to recover.

-No, I mean not only the houses and roads but the city at all, like its systems, canalization system(for example).

-Aa, yeah that, well, if its affected on that point it can take more time, all the piping and the electricity, electric wires, that can take a couple of months, may be more.

-What are the diffilcuties during the repairment process?

-First, you have to access the real damage which sometimes is not easy, becauseon the first, well in the first time you look at it, it seems one thing and than you start digging and discover its worst, than it may seem... So yeah, access it, see what can be done, see what main insrastructures are destroyed and, well, sorry, before that but you have to search for people that are alive, because some people are barried  under the rackage of the houses. So that process may be long.

-The last question is: how the structure of recovery should be planned?

-(Ah, the structure should be planned). Well I’m not an expert, obviously, but is a bit related with a previous question. First you need to access the damage, see if people are still missing, try to find those people and than try to clean up and reconstruct the city as fast and as effectively as possible.

-Okay, thamk you!

-Thank you, Timur!

Appendix 2 (Baibatyrova Altynshash)

-Как природные катаклизмы влияют на инфраструктуру города относительно их вида?

-Ну конечно же природные катаклизмы влияют на инфраструктуру города влияют отрицательно, мы будем рассматривать с экономической точки зрения, почему- потому что это прежде всего дополнительные расходы на восстановление, да, это дополнительные расходы на модернизацию, это затратно в том плане, что их нужно постоянно содержать систематически, даже возьмем к примеру, допустим, какие-то строения дорожного полотна, которые допустим природные катаклизмы, снегопады сильные были, воды много и соответственно это нарушает как бы дорожное полотно, (правильно?), которое требует восстановления, на восстановление и модернизацию требуются большие деньги, в том плане, что любое ноу-хау, требует больших финансовых затрат, ну со стороны экономики.

-Каким образом, по вашему мнению, должен быть спланирован процесс восстановления?

-Ну прежде всего, наверно надо изучать динамику или будем говорить статистику этих природных катаклизмов, чего больше, когда происходит, исходя из этого сбора статистических данных мы должны планировать на какие объекты необходимо больше всего закладывать денежных средств. Допустим, мы должны смотреть интенсивность использования тех или иных инфраструктурных объектов каких-то в городе, их актуальность, допустим. Я так думаю, что на сегодняшний день, допустим, если мы будем говорить об инфраструктуре города, то в первую очередь актуальной на сегодняшний день является инфраструктура, которая должна быть доступна для каждого, то есть дорога, пешеходные дорожки, какие-то остановочные объекты, в отличие от, скажем, каких-то объектов, которые, ну, не так сильно актуальны на сегодняшний день, допустим, там рестораны, ночные клубы, будем говорить объекты вот такого плана. А уже такого характера, которые более, больницы, допустим, это же все инфраструктура, вот такие вопросы нужно в первую очередь актуализировать, школы, садики, подъезды к ним.

-Как вы думаете, какие есть шаги восстановительного процесса после природных катаклизмов?

-Ну в принципе город справляется на сегодняшний день с такими катаклизмами, все вовремя, старается все это делаться, но тем не менее необходимо, мне кажется, ноу-хау, новшества, то есть те технологии, которые были ранее использованы, там 10-15 лет назад, они уже не актуальны и это мы видим по их сроку эксплуатации, сокращается. Если мы будем брать новые, скажем, объекты и где применяются новые технологии, то конечно срок эксплуатации увеличивается, и соответственно затратная часть сокращается, почему- потому что мы не прибегаем к этому объекту каждый год, каждый сезон.

-Если вот допустим рассмотреть природные бедствия, такие как наводнения, как вы думаете, сильно ли изменится?

-Ну наверное здесь надо предусматривать такие явления, потому что в любом случае какие-то объекты в городе, допустим(там), водохранилища, это же регулируемый процесс, когда мы можем это вовремя отрегулировать, ну можно это предусмотреть в любом случае. При развитии инфраструктуры города, допустим, карты, где имеют право жить и где не имеют право жить, есть же дачные зоны, допусти, в пригородах, то в этих дачных зонах не должны даваться разрешения на постройку жилых домов, почему-потому что это опасная зона, в любом случае природный катаклизм предусмотреть невозможно, (правильно?), мы же не можем сказать какая будет зима снежная, неснежная и соответственно мы не можем предугадать, когда будет там потоп или не потоп. Ну для того, чтобы предостеречь и снизить риск, то соответственно в таких вот зонах просто на просто административно нельзя разрешать постройку жилых помещений.

-Каково среднее время восстановления относительно происхождения катаклизма или же бедствия?

-Ну в принципе опять же зависит от ресурсов, от фондов, это можно сделать в кратчайшие сроки, это можно сделать и за долгий период, в зависимости от наличия всех ресурсов.

-Какие существуют трудности во время процесса восстановления?

-(Какие существуют трудности), в первую очередь наверно необходимо четкое планирование и высокая организация труда.

-Все, спасибо.

Appendix 3 (Tazhbenova Mira)

-Как природные катаклизмы влияют на инфраструктуру города относительно их вида?

-Я думаю, что очень пагубно, потому что многие здания, если это крупные старинные города, несут в себе какую-то культурную ценность и зачастую вообще не подлежат восстановлению. Что касается новых домов, то я думаю, что их восстановление возможно, но на это уйдет очень много человеческих ресурсов и конечно материала, то есть финансовые затраты.

-Каким образом должен быть спланирован процесс восстановления?

-Даже не знаю, честно говоря. Ну я думаю за это ответственны власти города, в первую очередь, не знаю честно говоря (как спланировать).

-Какие есть шаги восстановительного процесса после природных катаклизмов в общем, ну такие обобщённые шаги?

-Например?

-Например, допустим, сначала планирование, а потом инвестирование, ну в этом роде.

-Так подожди, еще раз вопрос.

-Какие есть шаги восстановительного процесса после природных катаклизмов?

-В любом случае, когда начинаются восстановительные работы люди должны учитывать не только ценность зданий, но и, например, если это какие-то опасные, например, какие-то здания, институты, какие-то биологические или возможно фабрики, которые могут при своем восстановлении нанести вред (да?), то есть если это какой-то завод ферросплавов и т. д., там наверняка были какие-то химических вредные вещества, то есть это тоже должно учитываться. И при восстановлении большое внимание учитывается на несущие стены, чтобы не пострадали сами спасатели.

-Каково среднее время восстановления относительно происхождения бедствия или катаклизма?

-Среднее время очень тяжело рассчитать, все зависит от человеческих ресурсов и от оборудования.

-Ну как оно, допустим, варьируется от скольки до скольки?

-Могу сказать одно, что восстановление это даже дольше чем постройка с нуля здания.

-И какие существуют трудности во время процесса восстановления?

-При повреждении архитектурного строения опасно то, что оно может, может пострадать фундамент этого здания и восстановлению оно может не подлежать вообще. Я думаю, что многие здания после каких-то катаклизмов надо просто сносить и строить новые.

Appendix 4 (Suyuntayev Salamat)

-Табиғи апаттардың түріне байланысты қала инфрақұрылымына әсері қандай?

-Табиғи апаттың түріне байланысты ол, егер де жер сілкінісі болатын болса, онда ғимараттарды, биік қылып салынған, бетон, арасында арматурасы болады, сондай нәрселерді істейді. Ал мысалы, сел тасқыны деген сияқты болатын болса алдына не қояды, бөгеттер, дамбалар дейді ғой, сондайды қояды. Ал су тасқындары болатын болса су ағу арасын да көптеп жасайды.

-Әсері қандай дегенге осы апат өткеннен кейінгі қаланың жағдайы туралы.

-Қаланың жағдайы туралы, енді жақсы болмайды ғой, не болады ол, мысалы су басып кететін болса қыйрайды, көптеген экономикалық шығындарға ұшырайды, адамдардың өміріне не етеді (нашар әсері).

-Сіздің ойыңызша, қала инфрақұрылымының қалпына келтіру үрдісі қалай жоспарлануы тиіс?

-Қалпына келуі?

-Қалпына келтіру үрдісі.

-Ол әр жағдайдың несіне байланысты ғой, жиналған ақшаға, солай емес па? Қалай жоспарлануы тиіс?

-Мысалы, ақшаға байланысты су тасқынынан кейін қандай әрекеттер іске асыруы тиіс?

-Енді су тасқыны болатын болса, енді бір қателік жіберді ғой, да? Вот келесіде су тасқыны болған жағдайда қайтадан дәл осындай шығынға ұшырамайтындай қылып, бірінші қорғандар жасау керек. Содан кейін барып уже кейін қарай есептеп келесі ғимарат тұрғызғанда сондай нәрсе жасау керек.

-Табиғи апаттардан кейінгі қалпына келтіру процесінің қандай қадамдары бар?

-Ну жаңа өзін айтқандай қадам, бірінші зардап болды ғой, мысалы үйлерді көптеп қыйрады, да, ғимараттар қыйрап қалды, оны қайтадан бұзу керек ол ғимаратты, бұзады, содан кейін қайтадан жинайды. Енді содан кейін ескеру керек, қандай ғимараттар қай жерге салынуы тиіс, қандай жағдайда, қандай материалдармен салу керек екенін, соны зерттеу керек. Содан кейін барып, уже ғимаратты салу керек.

-Қалпына келтірудің орташа уақыты қанша? 

-Әр түрлі ғой, мысалы көптеген жылдарды алып кетуі мүмкін. Кішкентай не нәрсе болса екі үш айла істелінетін нәрсе. Мысалы, Кирпичныйда болған жоқ па су тасқыны, ол мысалы, бір алты айдың ішінде шешілген шығар. Ал егер де масштабы үлкен болса, ол ондаған жылдарды алып кетуі мүмкін.

-Қалпына келтіру процесінің уақытында қандай қиындықтарды кездестіруге болады?

-Барлығы ақшаға байланысты, ақша жетіспейді, материалдың жетіспеушілігі, жұмыс күшінің жетіспеушілігі.

Appendix 5 (Kiyatbayev Bolatbek)

-Табиғи апаттардың түріне байланысты қала инфрақұрылымына әсері қандай?

-Инфрақұрылымға, мысалы, біріншіден табиғи апаттың несі,түрі, (наводнение)су тасқыны, біздің Ақтөбе қаламызда су ағылу қауіпі бір. Екіншіден, табиғи апттардың ішіндегі мына не, қаланың улануы газбен, мысалы, бізде мына Ақбұлақ бар, біздің қасымызда, олардың запасы бар, хлор газ, білесің ғой, хлор ауаға тараған кезде ол өте қауіпті табиғи апаттың түріне жатады. Солардан қорғану кезінде инфрақұрылымға келетін болсақ, көп жерлерде, мысалы су ағылу қауіпі бар, қаланың жанағыдай жер үй салып тастаған, төмен орналасқан жерлерде, мысалы рұқсат етілмеген жерде, соларға өте қауіпті, деп ойлаймын, сондықтан ондай жерлерді азайту керек. Яғни ол жерлерге құрылыс жоспарланбауы керек.

-Сіздің ойыңызша, қала инфрақұрылымының қалпына келтіру үрдісі қалай жоспарлануы тиіс?

-Инфрақұрылымды қалпына келтіру... Енді ол мемлекеттің жоспарлары іске асатын нәрсе ғой ол. Бірінші заранее оның барлығын да мына қаланың ЧС-ты жоспарлану мынандай нәрселер деген, схема работы деген, менің ол жағынан өте көп хабарым жоқ, оны айта алмаймын.

-Табиғи апаттардан кейінгі қалпына келтіру процесінің қандай қадамдары бар?

-Қалпыну келу процесінің қадамдары, енді ол біріншіден, ммм, тоже білмеймін, айта алмаймын.

-Қалпына келтірудің орташа уақыты қанша?

-Ну енді минимальный срок, мысалға, бір ай болуы мүмкін, бір ай жаппай жұмылдырылған жағдайда, мысалға басқа облыстардан техника, адамдардың күшінің барлығын жұмылдырып істегеннің өзінде минимум бір ай, көп дегенде бір екі жылға созылуы мүмкін уақыт.

-Қалпына келтіру процесінің уақытында қандай қиындықтарды кездестіруге болады?

-Қалпына келтіру барысында ол бірінші ең бірінші құндылығы- ол адамдардың өмірі, социалдық жағдайы, яғни соларды, мысалға уақытша орналастыру да қиындық туындауы мүмкін. Енді бізде деген ондай план бойынша мектептер, сондай мемлекеттік ұйымдарда орналастырады деген сияқты, соның өзінде жеткіліксіз болып қалуы мүмкін, сол кезде қиындық туындайды бәрі бір, адамдарды орналастыру бойынша қиындықтар.