INFLUENCE OF FAMILY EDUCATION ON PERSONALITY

Abstract. This article raises a problem of the impact of family education on the formation of a child’s personality. Here are given main classifications of education styles and their features. It is noted that education style allows you to influence on child’s personality development. Also, to instill in him one or another qualities, beliefs, settings. Family helps children to adapt to conditions of social environment.

Keywords: family, styles of family education, personality, features, observations, parents, development.

From birth, a person enters society. It grows, develops and dies in it. The development of man is influenced by many different factors, both biological and social. The main social factor influencing the formation of personality is the family.

Family is the most important thing in parenting. A healthy, strong, friendly, and prosperous family is the highest value. Of course, there are kindergartens, which are educating and developing children, but still the biggest influence on child as a person has exactly the family. Every child is a person, individuum. However, all people are absolutely various. Accordingly, styles of education in every family are diverse.

In the life of every person, parents play a big and responsible role. They give the child new patterns of behavior, with their help he learns the world around him, he imitates them in all his actions. Watching their parents children learn relationships between people, they are forming views on various things, life phenomena, situations. Relationships with parents have the key value in personality making, style of education, adopted in family, has a big impact on the way it will be. Some scientists, psychiatrists, psychologists consider (O. I. Bondarenko, M. I. Buyanova, A. Y. Varga, B. S. Volkova, N. V. Volkova, A.V. Petrovsky, A. S. Spicakovsky, E. G. Eidemiller and others) that one of the main reasons affecting the development of a child of this age, is relationships inside the family institute, which means style (type) of family education [1, p. 10].

Types of family education are formed under the influence of outer and inner causes. Also impacts biological, social and psychological factors, genetic properties of family members. Style of child (personality) education selection is depends on the following factors:

• From a variety of parent’s characters, their temperaments (phlegmatic person, sanguine person, melancholic, choleric) and are they compatible or not;
• From foundations, adopted in the family;
• From moral basis of the family;
• Psychological and pedagogical literature read by parents;
• Level of parental education and many other things;

There are some scientific works devoted to types classification of family education issues written by A. Y. Varga, Isaeva, A. I. Zaharova, N. I. Kozlova, A. E. Lichko, E. G. Eidemiller and others. The most fundamental styles/types are authoritarian (suppression style), neutral (child exists on his own), democratic (“agreement” style) and excessive custody (excessive care and attention to child) [1, p. 40]

Authoritarian type of family education has heavy suppression on the child. Parents make very high demands on their child, that causes formation of rejection attitude.

Neutral style presumes that child lives on his own. Parents don’t restrain their child, there are no prohibitions and restrictions.

Democratic type of education lies in “agreement”. Mutual love, respect, support, taking care of each other, frequent communication, family walks/pastime and etc. are basis of this type of education. Parents are solid, fair and consistent in their demands.

Type of excessive custody is about parents who surround their child with excessive care, decide and do everything for him. Such parents completely deprive their child of independence. In order to identify dominant styles of family education can be used “Styles of education” questionnaire (A. Y. Varga, V. V. Stolin) [2, p. 5] and method of chatting with family members. Questionnaire represents psychological and diagnostical device, which helps to reveal parental relationship in individuals, who are looking for help with children education issues. Parental attitude towards children is determined by the set of various feelings to their child, behavioral features practiced in interrelation with the child, features of perception and understanding of child’s personality character and his actions.

The questionnaire of A. Y. Varga and V.V. Stolin consists of five scales, presented below. The first scale is “Child rejection”; second one is “Social desired image”; third one is “Symbiosis with a child”; fourth one is “Authoritarian excessive socialization”; and, of course, the fifth is “Infantilization of a child” [2, p. 16].

Children are growing in absolutely various conditions. Someone are brought up in full families and someone are not. Others are in the large families - family with three or more children. And someone are growing with grandmothers, grandfathers, great-grandmothers and great-grandfathers. That’s why the type of education in every family will be unique and can be absolutely different from the others [3, p. 98].  But as noted by many scientists and professors the only exclusivity is that in families who are under the research of education type determination, authoritarian excessive socialization of children by parents is dominant. The second feature is ascribing by adults their own low social viability. Pretty frequently parents feel disappointment to their children, irritation, rage, and also, they feel lack of trust to the child. Such an attitude from parent to children reveals the third uniqueness in relationships of studied families. Also, sometimes emotional rejection of the child can be occurred, which is tend to the parents, who abuse alcohol, drugs, have amoral way of life. Interaction, partnership with child is rarely seen among families under observation [8, p. 201]. Summing up, it is should be noted that every type of family education has a big impact on personality developing. But according to style of education the impact will be different. With Authoritarian style or suppression style the child will have pretty weak, insignificant life position, also the child will form the feeling of depression, anxiety, he will have a lot of complexes, aggression. And in families with neutral type of education children are constantly looking for attention with totally inadequate ways, growing up a person with no limits, rudeness and licentiousness reigns in a child. Of course, it will lead to enormous difficulties in their life. Children, raised by type of excessive custody often will be a crying person, they will have a fear of making a mistake in their choosing/deciding.

The most perfect style of family education, of course, is democratic or style of agreement. In such families children grows polite, honest, kind and responsive. They are always ready to give a helping hand and independent. But democratic relationships are rarely seen in families [10, p. 156].

How many families, so many parenting options. Depending on this, the formation of personality occurs. Only a person, who wants to achieve something in life, has his own goals, and stubbornly striving to achieve them can become a person. This is a person with a stable system of norms and values, having firm convictions, as well as his own opinion on each issue, able to defend his point of view.

Thus, children, watching their parents, relationships in family, copy the style of education by which they were raised and they consider that exactly this style the most ideal. Good parents will definitely have good children. Family without a doubt is the most important link in education. It teaches every moral, ethical quality to child, teaches him democratic relations between people.