DOCUMENT CONCEPT AND FUNCTIONS

ПОНЯТИЕ И ФУНКЦИИ ДОКУМЕНТА

Привалова Арина Александровна

магистрант, Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Белгородский государственный национальный Исследовательский университет» (НИУ «БелГУ»), РФ, г. Белгород

Шемаева Елена Викторовна

научный руководитель, доцент, Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Белгородский государственный национальный Исследовательский университет (НИУ «БелГУ»), РФ, г. Белгород

In the activities of any organization (enterprise, institution), a variety of different types and purposes of "documents" are created. Some documents are intended for the implementation of external relations, while others reflect the internal activities of organizations (enterprises, institutions) in all its various aspects [1]. In the process of development of documentation support for management (DOU), certain documentary complexes have gradually developed - "documentation systems": for example, a system of organizational and legal documentation, a system of administrative documentation, a system of information and reference documentation, etc. The management process in any area of ​​society, in fact, boils down to the search, collection, processing, creation, use, transfer, storage of relevant information to develop the necessary management decisions, and the preparation of relevant documentation. When working with documents, it is also very important to know which documentation system a particular document belongs to - this largely determines the requirements for the structure, content of documents, and their design.

The concept of "document" is widely used in all spheres of public activity. Almost every branch of knowledge gives its own interpretation of this term. Unfortunately, until now, among specialists in the field of document management, document management (office work), archival science, etc., there is no unity in understanding the concept of “document”, despite the presence of a number of legislative and official definitions.

The word “document” came into the Russian language back in the time of Peter I and originally had the meaning of “written testimony”. Over time, the following terms appeared: business paper, official document, act, etc. At present, GOST R 7.0.8–2013 enshrines the basic concept of a document: information recorded on a carrier with details that allow it to be identified [2]. In addition, the following concepts are also enshrined in this state standard: an official document, an archival document, an electronic document, an original document, a written document, a text document, a visual document, a photographic document, an audiovisual document, a video document, a film document, a phono document, a graphic document, etc. ...

In the book of V.I. Andreev, the following concept of a document is presented: these are material objects, when working with which it is necessary to perform many different actions: preparation and execution of documents, organization of their movement and processing, systematization and storage of documents, etc. [3].

In order to understand the evolution of a document, it is also important to study the question of its functions. The function of a document is its intended purpose, inherent in it, regardless of whether this function is realized by the author or not. Any document has certain functions, the clarification of which is important for determining the purpose of creating a document, for classifying it and studying its role in the social structure and economic system. Having considered the concept, the meaning of the document, let's move on to studying its main functions. The name of the document functions, their content are presented in table. 1.1.

Tab. 1.1.

Document functions

Thus, a document is information recorded on a carrier with details that allow it to be identified. Each document must have legal force (since the document acts as the basis for making the appropriate management decision, etc.). In addition, documents contain various functions that, over time, can change their dominant meaning (they are divided into general and special).