THE ROLE OF WINGED EXPRESSIONS INA.S. GRIBOYEDOV "WOE FROM WIT"

Abstract. The article presents an analysis of the role of popular expressions in the work of A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit". The author defines the term "catchword" and analyzes catchphrases from the comedy by A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit", which received the widest distribution. The author concludes that the work "Woe from Wit" is saturated with many popular expressions, both author's and taken from other works. Without exception, all the winged words and expressions found in this work make it easy to understand, as well as sharply satirical, which once again suggests that A.S. Griboyedov managed to brilliantly convey the spirit of the time he describes.

Keywords: popular expressions, functioning, satire, humor, phrase.

The relevance of the research of the stated topic is due to the fact that the well-known comedy by A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" contains a huge number of winged words and expressions, and these winged words have firmly entered the phraseological fund of the Russian language and continue to be actively used in speech in the present period of time. Accordingly, it seems appropriate to analyze the role and meaning of winged words and expressions in this work.

First of all, it is necessary to define the term "winged expression". In the dictionary of S.I. Ozhegov, the following definition is given: "Winged words are figurative, apt expressions, sayings that have come into common use" [Ozhegov, p. 315]. There is another definition of winged words and expressions, namely: "winged expressions are statements of famous people or quotations from literary works that have firmly entered the speech fund and now act as definitions of an object, phenomenon and action" [Sidorenko, p. 41].

Further, it seems appropriate to trace the features of the functioning of winged expressions in the work "Woe from Wit" from the point of view of their role in understanding the work.

In fact, "Woe from Wit" is one of those works that has been disassembled into quotations almost completely, and many replicas of the heroes of this work are still used to name existing phenomena.

So, for example, Sophia utters the phrase "Happy hours are not observed", which still means exactly the same as in comedy, namely: if a person is in love or is engaged in what he loves to do, time literally flies unnoticed for him, and he can for long hours to do what really fascinated / spend time with a loved one.

The phrase that characterizes a person who does everything just to please a superior is as follows: "The silent ones are blissful in the world." In fact, this phrase can describe anyone who has found a "warm place" under the sun through sycophancy, obsequiousness and transgressing through their own honor.

Some of the catch phrases from the comedy "Woe from Wit" belong to other works. So, for example, Chatsky, returning to his homeland, says that "The smoke of the fatherland is sweet and pleasant to us." This expression is a slightly modified line from the poem "Harp", written by G.R. Derzhavin [Kostomarov, p. 32].

Chatsky's expression "mind and heart are not in harmony" means the vile and hypocritical mores prevailing among the Moscow nobility.

It is also interesting to hear the popular expression "Who are the judges?", which is quite actively used in modern speech, both colloquially and in writing, for example, in media texts. This expression means that the "judges" are, as a rule, those who are hardened in their ignorance, old habits and unwillingness to see that the world is changing, and changing rapidly. Are such retrogrades worthy of being judges of other people: honest, sincere, young, hot?!? Unlikely.

Skalozub says: "If only I got to be a general." In the comedy, Skalozub is a colonel, but what colonel does not dream of becoming a general? He cares not at all about the benefits of the state, but about his own personal interests, which is where his maximum obsequiousness to his superiors and in general to all those who are higher up the social and career ladder comes from.

The winged expression "I would be glad to serve, it is sickening to serve" also belongs to Chatsky. It means that even the most wonderful career is not joyful and worthy for him, because in order to move up the career ladder, he will have to please his superiors, impersonate, flatter unpleasant, but powerful people. All this reveals the image of Chatsky not just as a noble and honest man, who is disgusted by any kind of honor and career building "going over heads", but also a very witty person who easily notices all the hidden characteristics and pitfalls of any action or phenomenon subjected to analysis [Skogorev, p. 125].

Another interesting winged expression also belongs to Chatsky: "Blessed is he who believes. He is warm in the world." This expression means that a person who builds his relationship with someone or something not on the basis of a critical analysis with a sober head and a comparison of facts, but taking as a basis blind trust, thoughtless and uncritical, lives much easier than someone who is used to thinking about the reasons for this or that state of affairs. However, if we keep in mind that Chatsky utters this phrase with a rather caustic sarcasm, we can understand that he has an extremely negative attitude to such blind faith. The meaning of this winged expression has not changed even now, which is another proof of the need for critical thinking and a critical approach to everything that is at least of some importance to a person. Otherwise, you can get very "burned" and regret your own carelessness and frivolity. Russian Russian linguo-culture speakers also use most of the winged words and expressions discussed above, which indicates that such expressions are in demand and their important role in the modern Russian language. It is also interesting to note that the vast majority of the catch phrases from this work belong to Chatsky. However, this is not strange, since it is Chatsky who is the main positive character of the comedy "Woe from Wit" and it would be strange if the author did not put into Chatsky's mouth his own worldly wisdom, understanding of "what is good and what is bad", as well as extreme rejection of the regime that has developed in Russia for the described period of time [Bagration-Mukhraneli, p. 8]. Summing up the research conducted within the framework of this topic, we can conclude that the comedy of A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" contains a large number of winged words and expressions that are actively used today. This is probably due to the fact that the author managed to brilliantly convey the spirit and features of the epoch described by him, and doing it in such a way that almost every phrase from this work immediately recreates for the reader the time described by A.S. Griboyedov. And the fact that most of the catch phrases from this comedy are still actively used in the Russian language suggests that some things have not changed much, for example: nepotism, honor, bribery, oppression of the weak by the strong of this world , etc.