WORK BOOK - MAIN DOCUMENT ABOUT THE WORK ACTIVITY OF THE EMPLOYEE

Abstract. The article considers the history of the work book on the territory of Russia from 1722 to the present day.

Keywords: formulary lists, work book, paper work book, electronic work book.

All information about the work activity of the employee is contained in his work book. It reflects information about the work experience of the employee, about his education, about advanced training, about transfers, about incentives and awards. An innovation of modern labor legislation has become an electronic work book, it is an alternative to a paper work book. In organizations of all forms of ownership, there is a gradual abandonment of a paper work book and a transition to an electronic work book.

In 1722, Peter I adopted a table of ranks [1], and with it came the official lists of service, they can be considered the forerunners of the modern work book. The official lists about the service contained information about the name, rank, position, social origin, age, marital status of a citizen. The official lists themselves were necessary to prove the completion of the service. The formulary lists existed until November 1917, until the moment when the Decree on the destruction of estates and civil ranks [2] was adopted by the Central Executive Committee of the Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies [2] and the formulary lists became a thing of the past.

In December 1918, the young Soviet Republic adopted the Code of Labor Laws of the RSFSR [3]. Article 80 of the Code states that "every worker is obliged to have a work book in which marks are entered on the work performed by him and the remuneration and benefits received." [3] In the Code to Article 80 there is an appendix "Rules on work books". According to these Rules, “each worker, upon entering a job in an enterprise, institution or economy that uses other people's labor in the form of organized cooperation, presents his work book to the management bodies of the enterprise, institution or economy, and upon admission to work to to a private person - this latter. [3] The Rules spell out what information should be entered in the work book, this is primarily “the name, surname and time of birth of the owner of the book” [3], “all work performed by the worker and all the amount received by him as a worker” [3], and also “vacation periods, absenteeism and sickness, penalties imposed on the worker on time and in connection with his labor activity” [3]. “Each entry in the work book must be dated and signed by the person who entered it in the book, and by the worker, who certifies the correctness of the written by his signature” [3].

On June 25, 1919, the “Decree on the introduction of work books in the cities of Moscow and Petrograd” [4] was adopted; it lasted until November 1922. The decree stated that “all citizens of the R.S.F.S.R. are required to have work books that testify to the participation of their owner in productive activities and serve as an identity card within the R.S.F.S.R. and documents for the right to receive food cards, as well as the right to social security in cases of disability and unemployment” [4]. According to Article 3 of the Decree, work books were issued in exchange for a passport.

In December 1938, the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR No. 1320 "On the introduction of work books" was adopted [5]. The Decree states that “labor books are produced according to a single model for the entire USSR” [5]. The following information about its owner was entered into the work book: “last name, first name and patronymic, age, education, profession and information about his work, about his transition from one enterprise (institution) to another, about the reasons for such a transition, as well as about the rewards and awards he receives” [5]. The Resolution sets out the rules for filling out work books.

In September 1973, the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions No. 656 of September 6, 1973 “On the work books of workers and employees” was adopted [6]. This Decree establishes that “the work book is the main document on the labor activity of workers and employees” [6]. The following information was entered into the workbook:

- “information about the employee: last name, first name, patronymic, date of birth, education, profession, specialty” [6];

- “information about work: hiring, transfer to another job, dismissal” [6];

- "information about awards and incentives" [6];

- "information about the discoveries for which diplomas were issued, about the inventions and rationalization proposals used, and about the remuneration paid in connection with this" [6].

Information about the imposed penalties was not recorded in the work book.

In April 1975, the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 310 “On the work books of collective farmers” was adopted [7]. According to the Decree, “the work book of a collective farmer is the main document on the labor activity of members of collective farms” [7]. The following information was entered into the work book of the collective farmer:

- “information about the collective farmer: last name, first name, patronymic, date of birth, education, profession, specialty” [7];

- "information about membership in the collective farm" [7];

- "information about the work" [7];

- "information about awards and incentives" [7];

- "information about the discoveries for which diplomas were issued, about the inventions and rationalization proposals used, and about the remuneration paid in connection with this" [7].

Information about the recovery in the work book was not recorded.

In April 2003, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 225 “On work books” was adopted [8]. This Decree approved the “Rules for maintaining and storing work books, preparing work book forms and providing employers with them” [8]. The rules introduced a new type of work book and an insert in it, as well as rules for maintaining and storing work books, making their forms and providing employers with them.

Since January 1, 2020, an electronic work book has been introduced in Russia.

Until the end of 2020, each employee had to decide in what form he wants the employer to keep his work book, in paper or electronic, for this it was necessary to submit a corresponding application to the employer.

If an employee chooses an electronic work book, an entry is made in his paper work book about his choice, after which the paper work book is given to the employee in his hands. Also, if an employee chooses an electronic work book, he must know that information will be recorded in it starting from 2020, therefore, in order not to lose information about his work activity until 2020, it is necessary to save a paper work book.

If an employee chooses a paper work book, he must know that he has the right to apply to the employer at any time to switch to an electronic work book.

Those who get a job for the first time starting from 2021 are not given a choice, they immediately get an electronic work book.

The electronic work book contains all the same information as the work book in paper form, with the exception of information about the award. Otherwise, they are absolutely identical.

From the foregoing, we can draw the following conclusion that the work book is the main document about the employee's labor activity. This document contains information both about the employee himself (last name, first name, patronymic, date of birth, information about education), and information about the employee’s labor activity (hiring, transfer to another job, dismissal, etc.).