BELGOROD REGION IN THE HISTORY OF THE FATHERLAND

Keywords: Scythians, Sarmatians, Alans, dune sites, knife-shaped plate, Mesolithic, Neolithic, catacomb, Slavs, Northerners, Tatars of Yagoldai, Shlyakh, Kaiser's troops, Blazing Bulge, Belfry.

The article conducted a study and description of the territory on which the Belgorod region itself is located. The article indicates the places that are valued for their riches and relics from the Paleolithic to the present day. For example, in the Early Iron Age, the Scythians lived on the territory of the Belgorod region, from which barrows remained (barrows are a type of funerary monuments). And speaking of the 20th century, on July 12, 1943, here, on the territory of the region, the Prokhorovka tank battle took place. Just this event became the starting point of the Victory over Nazi Germany.

Today, the question of studying your region is very acute. Now, when radical changes are taking place in the life of society, it is important to understand the problem of the foundation, as well as the development of the Belgorod region in the period from the Iron Age to the present. Vivid episodes in the history of the Belgorod region are associated with the Scythians, Sarmatians, Alans, Kievan Rus, the time of the Belgorod line and, of course, the great tank battle on the Prokhorovsky field. Therefore, I believe that this topic is relevant for study.

Starting the study of the Belgorod region from the Paleolithic era, it can be revealed that flint tools were found from the Tikhaya Sosna River, located near the city of Alekseevka. Dune sites were also discovered within the territory of the village of Shelaevo, a fragment of a knife-shaped plate of transparent flint found in the village of Dmitrievka [7, p. 229-232]. Speaking of the sites of the Mesolithic and Neolithic eras, they were discovered on Shurovaya Hill near the town of Grayvorona.

Based on the study of the territory of the Belgorod region from the Bronze Age, burial mounds of Indo-European tribes of catacomb culture were found in the Valuysky district.

During the Iron Age period, Scythians lived in the region. One ground burial ground of the Scythian time was found in the Chernyansky district.

In ancient times, during the VIII century, settled tribes such as the Alans (Saltovo-Mayak culture) lived here.

The first Slavs of the Belgorod region were Northerners. This people settled down to the Alan population. They brought such types of dwellings as dugouts, innovations in agriculture and weaving.

During the years of Kievan Rus, this territory was part of the Chernigov Principality.

By the XV century, the Tatars of Yagoldai settled in Belgorod region, who later transferred to the service of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

Since 1500, the territory of the Belgorod region was finally part of Russia. The Muravsky Highway passed through this territory, along which the Crimean Tatars and Nogais raided the lands of central Russia. In the XVI century, the construction of the Belgorod line was started here, on which the fortress cities of Valuiki and Oskol (1593), as well as Belgorod (1596) were founded [2, p. 41].

With the weakening of the Crimean Khanate, the territory of the Belgorod region turns into an agrarian province of Russia. Landowner land ownership is developing here. On the lands, peasants grew bread, mined chalk, and worked at oil mills.

In 1708-1727, the territory of the modern Belgorod Region was part of the Kiev and Azov provinces. In 1727, the Belgorod province was formed, which lasted until 1779.

In 1869, the first Kursk-Kharkov-Azov railway was laid through the territory of the region.

Until 1918, the territory of the modern Belgorod Region was part of the Voronezh and Kursk provinces. After the signing of the Brest Peace, from April 1918, most of the Belgorod region was occupied by the Kaiser's troops and became an integral part of the Ukrainian State of Hetman P. P. Skoropadsky, entering the Kharkov province.

In the 1930s, collectivization was carried out in the Belgorod region. In the 1930s, 40,000 residents of Belgorod region were repressed, of which 15,000 were executed.

In October-mid-November 1941, the present Belgorod region was partially, and in July 1942, completely captured by German troops. In January-February 1943, she was partially liberated. On July 12, 1943, the famous Prokhorov Tank Battle took place here, which became the starting point of the Victory over Nazi Germany. In memory of him, 40 km from the southern face of the Blazing Bulge on the Third Battlefield of Russia, Prokhorovsky, a Victory Monument — a Belfry was erected, and in the village itself, a Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul was built on public donations. These and a number of other objects are united in the State Military Historical Museum-Reserve "Prokhorov Field".

In its current administrative-territorial borders, the Belgorod Region was formed by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated January 6, 1954. The region included: from the Kursk region — the cities of Belgorod and Stary Oskol, 23 districts; from the Voronezh region — 8 districts.In its current administrative-territorial borders, the Belgorod Region was formed by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated January 6, 1954. The region included: from the Kursk region — the cities of Belgorod and Stary Oskol, 23 districts; from the Voronezh region — 8 districts.

From 1993 to 2020, the Belgorod Region was headed by Yevgeny Savchenko, known for his extremely conservative position. To date, the post of governor is occupied by Vyacheslav Vladimirovich Gladkov.

In 2010, the first experimental solar power plant in Russia appeared on the Krapivenskiye Dvory farm in the Yakovlevsky district of the Belgorod region.

Thus, I believe that the Belgorod region in the history of the Fatherland is an important element in the study of the history of our country. By researching and understanding many facts of historical events, it is possible to make certain theories about the resettlement of tribes to other territories, the emergence of fortress cities, the conduct of the great tank battle on the Prokhorovsky field, which changed the course of the Great Patriotic War. You should know the history of your region, people and culture. Knowing the past, its problems and mistakes, it is necessary to transfer only positive experience into the future.