THE CHRONOTOPE CATEGORY IN M. Y. LERMONTOV'S POEM "MTSYRI"

Abstract. The article analyzes the concept of "chronotope". Using the example of the work of M. Y. Lermontov "Mtsyri", we consider how the chronotope is implemented in this text. The article will be useful for students and postgraduates of universities in the humanities.

Keywords: chronotope, lexical means, syntactic means, morphological means, space-time relations.

Modern linguistics has increasingly begun to address the issue of the chronotope of a work of art. Here is how its creator A. A. Ukhtomsky defines this term: "chronotope (from other Greek. χρόνος, "time" and τόπος, "place") is "a natural connection of space-time coordinates". Using the example of M. Y. Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri", let's consider what linguistic means the chronotope category is expressed in this text. Having studied the poem, it can be assumed that this category is expressed in the work by various lexical, syntactic and morphological means.

So, firstly, in M. Y. Lermontov's poem, the chronotope category is expressed by such lexical means - words with the semantics of time: hour, year, night, three days, moment, forever, a long time ago; spaces: monastery, mountain, towers, ruins, Georgia, gardens, Tiflis, forest, steppe, the monastery, etc . All these lexical means help us to identify spatio-temporal connections in the work.

Secondly, the chronotope category is expressed in the poem by morphological means. Such means include adverbs: today, once, after, above, below, yesterday; verbs: was, disappeared, came, stood up, gathered, pressed; nouns: hour, year, moment, night, monastery, mountain, gardens, etc. The presence of these morphological means also allows us to judge spatially- temporary relations in the poem.

Thirdly, the syntactic means expressing the chronotope category include how the sentence is constructed when describing the scene of action. For example, when describing such a place of action as a monastery, a compound sentence is used, complicated by a single adverbial participle, adverbial turnover, reverse word order: "A few years ago, there was a monastery where, merging, they were making noise, embracing like two sisters, streams of Aragva and Chickens." . Describing the will, the main character thus constructs a sentence: "Lush fields, hills covered with a crown of trees, overgrown in a circle, noisy with a fresh crowd, like brothers in a circular dance." – this sentence is complicated by a number of homogeneous participial turns, as well as a comparative turn. Thus, the syntactic construction of the text can also indicate the spatial-temporal relations in the work.

So, we have considered the chronotope problem in M. Y. Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri" in three aspects, from the point of view of lexical, morphological and syntactic means. During the consideration of lexical means in the text, we traced the logic of constructing a spatio-temporal picture of the poem. The morphological means used by the author turned out to be diverse in their composition, they helped to see the artistic skill of M. Y. Lermontov in the construction of the work. Syntactic means made the work more complex and diverse, presented the category of place and time more colorfully. In my opinion, the question of the chronotope in a work of fiction is very important in modern linguistics, this category helps to present the meaning of the text more clearly and to understand its structure.