The main methods and forms of moral and patriotic education of schoolchildren

Actual goals and objectives of moral and patriotic education set the vector of the educational process in educational institutions, determine the main forms, means and methods of working with children. This takes into account the close relationship of the tasks of moral and patriotic education with the age and personal characteristics of the child, as well as with the social conditions of life.

The means of moral and patriotic education can be combined into several groups.

Fiction, fine arts, music, cinema, filmstrips can be combined into a group of artistic means. This group of means contributes to the emotional coloring of cognized phenomena. Children emotionally and trustingly perceive the fairy tales, poems, stories they read, and consider illustrations for books. The child is greatly impressed by the work of artists who portray the world in a realistic and understandable way. Artistic means are most effective in the formation of ideas in children and the education of feelings. The means of moral and patriotic education of schoolchildren is the nature of their native land. It evokes humane feelings in children, a desire to take care of those who are weaker, who need help. The influence of nature on the personality of children forms a sense of belonging, belonging to this corner of the Earth, and belonging of this corner to a small person. The means of moral and patriotic education of preschoolers is the children's own activity: play, work, study, artistic activity. Each type of activity has its own specifics, performing the function of a means of educating the practice of moral and patriotic behavior. A special place in the group of means is given to communication. It, as a means of moral and patriotic education, performs the tasks of correcting ideas about morality and patriotism, on the basis of awakening feelings and forming relationships.

The means of moral and patriotic education is the atmosphere in which the child lives.

The environment surrounding the child becomes a means of educating feelings, ideas, behavior. It activates the entire mechanism of moral and patriotic education and influences the formation of moral and patriotic qualities.

Upbringing methods are ways of organizing joint activities of teachers and pupils, aimed at mutual development, improving the personality of the teacher and shaping the personality of the pupil in accordance with the goals of upbringing.

The most appropriate is the classification of methods of moral and patriotic education, which corresponds to its mechanism. Methods of upbringing give an effective result under certain conditions:

• any method must be humane, does not humiliate the child, does not violate his rights;

• the method must be real, feasible, logically complete.

In moral and patriotic education, each method must be weighty, significant;

• conditions, means must be prepared for using the method;

• the method should not be applied in the same manner, stereotyped in relation to all children and in any situation. Otherwise, the method of persuasion can turn into edification and cease to bring the desired result; The leading educational task and the age of the children serve as the basis for the selection of methods. There are forms of work aimed at the formation of patriotic feelings:

• familiarizing children with cultural heritage, holidays, traditions, folk applied art, oral folk art, musical folklore, folk games;

• acquaintance with the family, its history, relatives, family traditions, drawing up a pedigree; with a kindergarten, its children, adults, games, toys, traditions; with a city, a village, its history, coat of arms, traditions, outstanding citizens of the past and present, sights;

• conducting targeted observations of the state of objects in different seasons of the year, organizing seasonal agricultural labor in nature, sowing flowers, vegetables, planting bushes, trees, etc .;

• organization of creative, productive, playful activities of children, in which the child shows compassion, care for people, plants, animals in different seasons of the year in connection with adaptation to new living conditions and daily, as needed.

The active various activities of preschoolers are of great importance, since being a patriot is not only knowing and loving your country, but also actively acting for its benefit. For this, various forms of organizing the activities of children are used, the main of which is thematic GCD. They are aimed at increasing children's mental activity. Comparison techniques, questions, individual assignments, and an appeal to the experience of children help this.

It is necessary to teach them to independently analyze what they saw, make generalizations, conclusions. You can suggest looking for the answer in the illustrations, ask your parents.

Addressing the same topic several times contributes to the development of attention and long-term preservation of interest in it. It is necessary to unite about