PHRASEOLOGISMS THAT REVEAL THE SPIRITUAL CULTURE OF THE RUSSIAN PEOPLE

Abstract. Phraseological units play an important role in the development of the Russian language. First of all, they reflect the history of the people: its mentality, culture. There are several classifications of phraseological units.

Keywords: phraseological unit, people, meaning, Russian

Russian phraseological units are a mirror of the history, way of life and beliefs of the people, boundless love for the Motherland. I would like to dwell in more detail on the spiritual culture, the moral qualities of the Russian people, which are reflected in phraseology. Whether it is anger or happiness, grief or joy, attitude to human virtues or shortcomings - everything can be expressed using phraseological units.

For example, phraseologisms beat the buckets, count the crows / stars, play the fool, drive the dogs / loafer, sit back, sit back, have the same meaning - to mess around. All of them in their meaning contain a semantic component of condemnation, neglect. Creative work is firmly rooted in Russian self-consciousness, therefore, behavior of this nature is condemned by others.

Such qualities as hypocrisy, pretense are also condemned by the Russian people: pose as oneself, prevaricate, put a good face on a bad game, work for the public.

When characterizing an irresponsible person, the following expressions were used: throw words to the wind, wash my hands, leave to the mercy of fate.

To beat oneself in the chest, to fill one's own worth is a characteristic of a boastful person; pour oil on the fire, reconcile with conscience - attitude towards meanness. Meaning greed has an expression to tremble over every penny.

The consciousness of a Russian person puts such values as courage, courage, self-sacrifice, which are reflected in Russian phraseology in large numbers, in a central place among moral qualities: to go to death, to take upon oneself, to take everything on one’s shoulders, to cause fire on oneself, not to spare the stomach , give your life, expose yourself to a blow, sacrifice, bear your cross, lay down your life, lay down your head.

Phraseologisms directly or indirectly carry cultural information about the world, society. Therefore, phraseological units are the so-called "storehouse of wisdom" of the people, preserving and reproducing its mentality, its culture from generation to generation.

There are several types of phraseological units: idioms, phraseological units and phraseological combinations, despite this, the essence of the definitions of concepts is unchanged. Phraseology is a branch of the science of language that studies linguistic units that are complex in composition and have a stable character, their types and functioning in speech.

Phraseologism is a stable indivisible combination of words used in a figurative sense.

Systemic relations in phraseology are established both between phraseological units and between phraseological units and words.

Thus, the national culture is reflected in the names of native Russian dishes and foodstuffs.