THE USE OF DIDACTIC GAMES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPEECH OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

Abstract. This article deals with the topic of didactic games which allow preschool children to develop speech  properly.  The aim of the research is to form the speech abilities of preschool children through the use of various didactic games and game techniques.

Keywords: game, speech, techniques, development, teacher, speech therapist, educator, preschooler.

Play is the main activity of preschool children - in the process, which develops the child's spiritual and physical powers; his attention, memory, imagination, discipline, agility.

Children - the creators of the present and future. The child perceives the world around him differently than adults: the child is a "newcomer", everything for him is full of novelty, meaning; the child in the game "discovery" of what has long been known to the adult. Among the variety of games held in kindergarten, an important place belongs to the didactic games.

Didactic game - an excellent means of learning and development used in the assimilation of any program material. Specially selected games and exercises provide an opportunity to have a positive impact on all components of speech.

Didactic games - this is a widespread method of vocabulary work. Game is one of the means of mental education. In it, the child reflects the reality around him, reveals his knowledge, shares them with his friends.

Thus, the game implements a learning (which is pursued by the teacher) and game (for the sake of which the child acts). It is important that these two objectives complement each other and ensure learning of program material. Didactic game is a valuable means of education of mental activity, it activates mental processes, causes in preschool children a lively interest in the process of learning. Game helps to make any educational material fascinating, causes children's deep satisfaction, stimulates working capacity, facilitates the process of mastering knowledge.

The structure of didactic games for the development of speech is determined by the principle of interconnection of different sections of speech work, which creates the preconditions for the most effective assimilation of speech skills. In addition, the game in the classroom and in the time contributes to the reduction of mental and physical stress.

Each game solves educational problems. Children develop a culture of verbal communication in the broad sense of the term, moral feelings and qualities, ethical ideas are formed.

Didactic goals of many games are designed to teach children to make independent stories about objects, phenomena in nature and in public life. Some games require children to actively use generic, species concepts, such as "name one word" or "name three things.

Finding antonyms, synonyms, words that are similar in sound - the main task of many word games. If a child gets the role of guide in the game "Journey through the city," he eagerly tells the "tourists" about the sights of the city. This develops monological speech of the child.

In modern defectology didactic game is created by a teacher specifically for training purposes, when training is based on a game and didactic task. In a didactic game the child not only obtains new knowledge, but also generalizes and reinforces it. The game acts both as a type of play activity and as a form of organization of interaction between the speech therapist and the child. This is its uniqueness.

Thus, the use of didactic games in the teacher's work, promote both the development of children's speech activity, and increase the effectiveness of remedial work. It is necessary to remember that the development in the course of play activity of speech of preschool children is an attempt to teach children light, joyful without compulsion.

Conducting didactic games does not require special knowledge in the field of pedagogical sciences and great expense in the preparation of the game. One of the main task is to pick up these versions of the game, to arouse children's interest in games with the word.

In my pedagogical work we pay more attention to the didactic game and through its use, the learning process takes place in an accessible and attractive form of play for preschool children. We believe that a didactic game allows to develop speech of children: replenishes and activates a vocabulary of words, forms correct sound pronunciation, develops coherent speech, the ability to express their thoughts correctly. Therefore, the main goal for my work is to develop all elements of oral speech of children through the use of a didactic game. In accordance with the goal we set the following tasks:

1. To study the theory of pedagogical literature of the use of didactic games in the process of education;

2. To assess the level of children's speech development;

3. To test didactic games in pedagogical work on formation of grammatical structure of speech, vocabulary, sound pronunciation, development of coherent speech.

From the experience of our work we want to tell that didactic games on the right is one of the effective means of training. In the practice of work of preschool educational institutions they are used in all kinds of classes.

In accordance with the FSES of preschool education, one of the priority areas of the preschool education system is the development of speech in preschool children. Therefore, the determination of directions and conditions for the development of speech in children are among the most important pedagogical tasks. At the final stage of preschool education the child must, first of all, have a good command of oral speech, use speech to express their thoughts, feelings and desires, and distinguish sounds in words. The problem of speech development is one of the topical issues in preschool. Didactic game is both a game method of teaching preschool children, and a form of learning, and independent play activity, and most importantly, a means of perfect education of the child's personality.

It is necessary to know that the didactic game has two purposes: one - training, which is pursued by an adult, and another - game, for which the child acts. It is necessary that these two goals complement each other and ensure the assimilation of program material.

We think that the didactic game is a multifaceted, pedagogical phenomenon: it is also a game method of teaching children. Play develops language, and language organizes play. If properly selected games and exercises, they provide an opportunity to favorably affect all components of speech. In a game, the child has the opportunity to enrich and strengthen the vocabulary, develop coherent speech, verbal creativity, communication skills and the ability to properly express his thoughts.

The teacher in preschools should choose games aimed at a particular area of speech development, depending on the age of the children and their level of speech development. The game should also interest all children so that they had the excitement to perform the tasks, together achieving the goal. We believe that the first condition under which a didactic game becomes a means of mental development is the presence of: a didactic task, rules and game activities. The second condition is the correct organization of a didactic game by us as educators, including the preparatory stage of a didactic game, its conducting and analysis.

We know that the methodology of conducting didactic games includes: familiarization of children with the content of the game, with the didactic material that will be used in the game (showing objects, a brief conversation); explaining the course and rules of the game. The secret of successful organization of the game is that we, while teaching children, keep the game as an activity that pleases children, brings them together.

The use of didactic games contribute to the development of children's verbal activity. It is necessary to remember that the development of children's speech in the course of play activity is an attempt to teach children joyfully, without any compulsion. An important role in the effectiveness of didactic games is to use them in the right way. The game should interest all children, so that they had the excitement to perform the tasks, together achieving the goal. To do this, it is necessary to achieve several points at the same time:

Children must clearly understand what is required of them. One should simply and clearly state the conditions of the game and be able to set goals and tasks correctly. Both parents and caregivers should be jointly involved in the process of play and encourage the child in the process of play. Routine praise - will morally support each child and give him confidence.

Every game should be a joy to play. It is difficult to please several children at once, but it is important that everyone is interested in each other. If children quarrel over the choice of didactic play, find a compromise together.

Preschoolers often play by themselves, developing their speech through play. At these moments, it is better not to interfere with them, so that the interest in the game is not lost. Active ball games or those games that can cause laughter especially take root. For example, the game "edible is not edible.

Games aimed at the development of speech can be quite different and involve not only children but also adults. Successful didactic games as a means of developing speech in children is an element of competition.

To relieve visual stress and change of activities is important to conduct physical activity in the form of games. For the child to develop, it is necessary to create the conditions for this. In the group a well-equipped didactic area is necessary, where children use a variety of materials with which they play at will individually or in small groups.

Thus, summarizing, we can conclude that the didactic game is a widespread method of activity of speech development of preschool children. Consequently, teachers in preschools need to develop children's speech with the help of didactic games. This will help children to enrich their vocabulary, teach them to express their thoughts accurately, consistently, improve communication with the people around them and their peers. We believe that didactic games, game tasks and techniques allow to increase children's sensitivity, diversify the educational activities of a child, make the educational process more entertaining. And remember that didactic games as a means of developing children's speech is one of the best methods.