PRINCIPLES OF ANALYSIS OF A LYRICAL WORK IN LITERATURE LESSONS IN THE 5TH GRADE

ПРИНЦИПЫ АНАЛИЗА ЛИРИЧЕСКОГО ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯ НА УРОКАХ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ В 5 КЛАССЕ

Солыш Екатерина Сергеевна

студент, Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, РФ, г. Белгород

Бузина Евгения Игоревна

доцент, Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, РФ, г. Белгород

Аннотация. Анализ лирического произведения неотделим от контекста всего творчества автора, то есть при анализе поэтического произведения необходимо учитывать в рамках какого лирического цикла создано произведение, либо на каком этапе творческой эволюции автора оно создано, также необходимо принимать во внимание систему мировоззрения поэта, систему его эстетических предпочтений.

Abstract. The analysis of a lyrical work is inseparable from the context of the author's entire work, that is, when analyzing a poetic work, it is necessary to take into account within the framework of which lyrical cycle the work was created, or at what stage of the author's creative evolution it was created, it is also necessary to take into account the poet's worldview system, the system of his aesthetic preferences.

Ключевые слова: анализ, тематический принцип, контекстуальный принцип, подход, психология, изучение, система, литература.

Keywords: analysis, thematic principle, contextual principle, approach, psychology, study, system, literature.

Since a lyrical work is an artistic imaginative reinterpretation and embodiment of a special state of consciousness of the author, the main task of the analysis is to determine the forms in which the author's consciousness is expressed, that is, to determine the subject–figurative structure of a lyrical work. It is very important to take into account the unity of form and content when analyzing a lyrical work.

In order to identify the individual creative feature of the poet and to be able to trace the significance of this work in the system of Russian poetry and its history, it is necessary to analyze the literary traditions of the era and innovations used by the author.

When studying a lyrical work, it is necessary to take into account in which literary direction this poem was created, to which literary political trend the author favored, which artistic method was used.

Works of lyrical genres cannot be studied without taking into account the system of the Russian literary language in this historical period. The study of a lyrical work should be based on the means and forms of poetic language that were used by the poet in his work.

The analysis of a lyrical work must be carried out using knowledge from the history of culture, folklore, that is, the researcher must use not only personal emotional experience, but also existing knowledge from related sciences.

It is customary to study lyrical poetry at school in three main directions:

Thematic principle

It is based on the fact that a system of themes or motifs in a cycle of lyrical works is being studied. That is, students get acquainted with a wide range of works, but they are not studied in whole, but in part. Of these, only the themes characteristic of the poet are highlighted and passages that correspond to this topic are read.

Contextual principle

It involves the study of poetic works together with the biography of the poet, that is, a certain period of the author's life and the works that were created during this period are studied. Students study the poem in an inextricable connection with the personality of the poet and in connection with the historical conditions in which it was written. The work itself serves as a reflection of the author's life.

The principle of studying a lyrical work after studying the poet's activity.

First, children gain knowledge about the entire work of the author, study the general characteristics of the poet's lyrics, and only after that analyze the works provided by the program, in terms of form and content.

An individual approach to the study of a lyrical work consists of stages:

1. introductory lesson: on it, students study the characteristic features of creativity,

2. study of the author's works provided by the program,

3. the final lesson: on it, the children explore what significance the author's work has brought to literature, summarize the results.

This approach allows you to apply a variety of methods and techniques in the study of lyrics, what are its advantages.

The main issues of the analysis of a lyrical work in school:

• the place of a lyrical work in literature and the student's reading experience,
• the main characteristics of the socio-cultural environment, its impact on the perception and understanding of the lyrical work by schoolchildren,
• scientific knowledge obtained by the student as a result of the analysis of the work.

During the analysis of the lyrical work, the thoughts, feelings and experiences of the poet are revealed to children, the meaning of which the student must understand. Therefore, the analysis of a lyrical work at school implies that a literature teacher will have a high level of erudition, knowledge of the psychology of students, a high level of literary training.

Principles of lyrical work analysis at school:

The principle of a holistic study of a lyrical work. Studying the individual parts and analyzing them, the student must understand that all these features make up a single whole of a lyrical work.

The study of the etymology of the original meanings of words, as a tool by which the spiritual meaning of the work is transmitted.

The principle of end-to-end study of a lyrical work implies the study of a separate poetic work in the system of the author's lyrics and literature as a whole.

The principle of dialogism is based on reliance on what has already been studied and read.

The principle of correlating a lyrical work with a historical and modern situation.

The principle of the measure allows students to dose the methods of analysis and not to delve into scientific research that does not correspond to their age.

Thus, in the first chapter we considered the definition of the concept of analysis. Types and principles of analysis of a lyrical work in literature lessons in the 5th grade.

We found out that the analysis of a lyrical work is the study of its parts and the connections between the constituent elements of a lyrical work. The purpose of analyzing a logical work is to understand the author's intention.

We studied the features of school analysis, which implies not only the work of students, but also a high professional level of a literature teacher, including mandatory knowledge of psychology, literary studies, culture and history.

The principles of lyrical work analysis are chosen based on the goals and objectives of the lesson. The principle of the integrity of the analysis of a lyrical work is used to understand the meaning and idea of the work. With the help of the principle of concentration, students, under the guidance of a teacher, learn to interpret a lyrical work. The principle of collecting contributes to the knowledge of the new through the holistic perception of a poetic work. The principle of etymology serves students' understanding of the text of the work. With the help of the principle of relying on what has already been said, it is possible for children to study a lyrical work on the basis of already existing knowledge and literary experience. The principle of application is able to show what a new reading a lyrical work can receive in modern reality.

The analysis of a lyrical work in the lessons of lyrics in the 5th grade is the main stage of work in the study of poetic works and serves the literary education of students. Holistic and selective types of analysis are the main types of analysis that are used in school. Such types of analysis as the analysis of a lyrical work from the standpoint of gender and genre, and contextual analysis are used as auxiliary.