EXPERIENCE OF LONELINESS BY ADOLESCENTS AT RISK

ПЕРЕЖИВАНИЕ ОДИНОЧЕСТВА ПОДРОСТКАМИ ГРУППЫ РИСКА

Винтер Алина Станиславовна

студент, Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, РФ, г. Белгород

Неваленая Екатерина Владимировна

ассистент, Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, РФ, г. Белгород

Abstract. The article presents a theoretical analysis of works on the problem of loneliness, the experience of loneliness by adolescents at risk. A brief description of adolescence as a crisis is given. Practical recommendations for the interaction of teachers with adolescents in order to provide psychological support are presented

Аннотация. Суть статьи заключается в изучении проблемы одиночества и его влияния на подростков группы риска. В ней проведен теоретический анализ релевантных исследований, а также кратко описан кризисный период подросткового возраста. Выделены особенности группы риска и представлены практические рекомендации для педагогов с целью оказания психологической поддержки подросткам. 

Keywords: risk group; risk teenager; category of children; adolescence; teenager; full development; risk; state of helplessness; difficult life situation; loneliness; loneliness in adolescence

Ключевые слова: группа риска; подросток группы риска; категория детей; подростковый возраст; подросток; полноценное развитие; риск; состояние беспомощности; трудная жизненная ситуация; одиночество

Adolescence, as one of the stages of life, does not have clearly defined boundaries, but rather depends on the socio-cultural characteristics of the society in which the child lives and develops. Let's return to the words of D.B. Elkonin and define the age range of this period as 11-15 years. In addition, during this period physiological changes occur in the body and hormonal changes occur. It is very important for teenagers to feel like adults, and also to demonstrate this to others. They expect adults to recognize their equality.

One of the key activities at this age is intimate and close communication (personal and close communication) with peers. Teenagers are able to take two positions: “I am part of a group, just like everyone else” and “I am unique, I am not like everyone else.” They recognize their individuality while maintaining their dependence on the group. From time to time, teenagers also need solitude in order to actualize their need for socialization and individualization.

If it is impossible to combine selfishness and conformist behavior, the teenager may face isolation from the group, earning himself a negative reputation.

Various life circumstances that are beyond the influence of adolescents can place them in a group of people at risk. Adolescents in this group are children who have reached adolescence and for various reasons they are exposed to adverse factors that negatively affect their mental state. V.E. Letunova identifies several risk groups for adolescents, including medical-biological, socio-economic, psychological and pedagogical factors. The impact of all these factors on at-risk adolescents may result in these children's inability to adapt to society. In addition, they are more susceptible to negative external influences. Often the roots of such a situation can be traced to problems in the family system. Teenagers need to feel recognized and cared for by adults; however, if they don't get what they want, they begin to feel worthless, helpless, lonely and rejected. Teens have difficulty asking for help, have little access to family support, and are afraid of making mistakes or showing weakness. As a result, disturbances in the sphere of self-awareness are observed, difficulties in relationships are noted, norms and rules are ignored, and the self-esteem of adolescents at risk becomes even more unstable and changeable.

One of the main difficulties faced by such children is that the law does not require official assistance for them: they have a family and go to school. However, if neither outside observers nor the teenager himself pays attention to deviations on the part of parents or does not ask for help, then support may not be provided.

In this situation, teachers and school psychologists can help the children. They should not only provide them with information about their rights and options, but also provide attention and support, and help them develop normal behavior and constructive communication skills. B. G. Ananyev believes that loneliness increases with urbanization and the expansion of public communications, which, in turn, leads to conflicts between a person as an individual and his impersonality in the sphere of communication.

The social and psychological causes of loneliness in adolescence have been studied by such scientists as I.S. Kon, N. V. Khamitov, R. S. Nemov. They looked at the causes that cause this condition, as well as

Summarizing all the above ideas, we can define loneliness as a feeling that arises due to the inability to satisfy the need for communication and a lack of emotional response. Loneliness is first recognized in adolescence, and the need for it arises. However, it is important that a teenager can choose moments of solitude for himself, otherwise he becomes cut off from society, he has a misunderstanding with society, with adults. Parents should pay attention to changes in the condition of their teenage child in order to track in time when the child is isolated or experiencing loneliness. This situation can be expressed in his protest behavior. It is necessary to teach a teenager to overcome loss and loneliness.

The above allows us to once again emphasize the nature of loneliness in adolescents. It appears as a feeling of limited and incomplete contacts with others. The teenager himself may contribute to his situation by demonstrating disapproved behavior, or this may be influenced by other circumstances (moving to another school). However, in any case, it should be in the attention of adults, who themselves sometimes provoke its occurrence.

Thus, loneliness has many aspects (low psychological status, alienation, often accompanied by boredom, and others), which manifest themselves over time, contained.