EXAMINING STUDENTS’ EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENTS FROM PEDAGOGICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL PERSPECTIVES.

РАССМОТРЕНИЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ ДОСТИЖЕНИЙ СТУДЕНТОВ С ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОЙ, ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ И СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ТОЧКИ ЗРЕНИЯ

Отемысова Жанар Аменовна

магистрант филологии Казахского Национального Женского Педагогического Университета, Казахстан, г. Алматы

Аннотация. Статья посвящена ключевым факторам, влияющим на успеваемость и успеваемость студентов, охватывающим различные точки зрения с точки зрения педагогики, психологии и социальной динамики. Рассматриваются различные подходы и методы, направленные на повышение успеваемости учащихся, когнитивное развитие, мотивация, вовлеченность и социально-эмоциональное обучение, культурный контекст, влияние окружения.

Abstract. The article appears to focus on exploring the various factors that affect students' academic performance, encompassing perspectives from pedagogy, psychology, and social dynamics. It discusses different approaches and methods designed to enhance academic performance, cognitive development, motivation, engagement, socio-emotional learning, and considers the influence of cultural context and environment.

Ключевые слова: academic achievement; academic performance; pedagogical; psychological; social perspectives.

Keywords: академическая успеваемость; педагогические; психологические; социальные перспективы.

The concept of education has evolved and expanded. This transformation has been shaped by several key factors, making education a more dynamic and multifaceted field. In the past, education often followed a rigid, teacher-centered model with a focus on rote memorization and standardized testing. The evolution of education has seen a shift towards more progressive models that emphasize critical thinking, creativity, and student-centered learning. Approaches like intercultural communication, task-based learning, Montessori, Waldorf, and project-based learning reflect this change.  The advent of technology has revolutionized education. The integration of computers, the internet, and educational software has facilitated distance learning, personalized learning experiences, and the use of multimedia resources. The rise of online education platforms and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) has expanded access to education globally, breaking down geographical barriers and providing flexible learning options.

There is a growing emphasis on creating inclusive learning environments that cater to diverse student needs. This includes accommodating students with disabilities, addressing cultural diversity, and promoting gender equality. Educators increasingly recognize the importance of incorporating diverse perspectives into the curriculum, ensuring that it reflects the experiences and backgrounds of all students. The concept of education has expanded beyond traditional schooling to encompass lifelong learning. Adults, professionals, and individuals of all ages are encouraged to engage in continuous education to adapt to a rapidly changing world and stay relevant in their fields. Research indicates that the methods used in teaching have a lasting impact on students, extending beyond graduation and influencing their professional success as well as their habits of lifelong learning.

Advocacy for educational reform underscores the importance of cultivating a capacity for lifelong learning in students. Lifelong learners exhibit qualities such as curiosity, motivation, reflection, analytical skills, persistence, flexibility, and independence – attributes that are crucial for thriving in today's globalized economy. These learners take on an autonomous and self-motivated role in managing their own learning processes. They can identify their learning needs and proactively initiate, monitor, control, and evaluate learning strategies to address those needs.

Realizing the ultimate goal of lifelong learning necessitates that learners progressively develop the ability and motivation to guide their own learning processes while still within the structured environment of a classroom. Attaining this competence requires guidance, encouragement, assistance, and challenges from instructors. To effectively nurture students' inclination toward lifelong learning, faculty members must recognize the influential role that the classroom environment plays in helping students evolve into lifelong learners well before their graduation.

There is a greater emphasis on equipping students with not only academic knowledge but also practical skills essential for success in the workforce. This includes critical thinking, problem-solving, communication, and digital literacy skills and globalization. Education has become more globalized, with increased opportunities for students to study abroad, engage in international exchange programs, and benefit from a curriculum that incorporates global perspectives.  The curriculum now often addresses global challenges such as climate change, sustainability, and social justice, fostering a sense of global citizenship among students.

The next and more crucial aspect is the students' social-emotional learning, which has grown recognition of the importance of nurturing students' social and emotional well-being alongside academic achievement. SEL programs aim to develop skills like empathy, self-awareness, and resilience. Some educational institutions have incorporated wellness programs that address physical health, mental health, and stress management, recognizing the interconnectedness of well-being and academic success.

Alternative education models, such as homeschooling and unschooling, have gained popularity as families seek customized and flexible approaches to learning. But this model is not popular in Kazakhstan nevertheless smaller, community-based learning environments, known as micro schools or courses, have emerged as alternatives to traditional classrooms, offering personalized instruction and social interaction. An in-depth understanding of the factors that influence students' learning outcomes can be gained by reviewing their educational achievements from pedagogical, psychological, and social perspectives. Each perspective contributes unique insights into the complex interplay of elements that shape a student's educational journey.

Pedagogical perspective develops and implements teaching methods by exploring the effectiveness of teaching methods employed in the classroom. Pedagogy evaluates the alignment of traditional approaches, experiential learning, project-based learning, and technology integration with individual learning styles and the curriculum through the use of pedagogy. The curriculum's structure and content are assessed to see if it is relevant, coherent, and adaptable to different student needs, and whether it promotes critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and a profound understanding of the subject matter. The strategies help to investigate the impact of assessment methods on students' motivation and performance, explore formative and summative assessment practices, and their alignment with learning objectives and consider how feedback is provided and its role in improving learning outcomes.

Psychological Perspective considers students’ academic achievement and performance  from different aspects such as cognitive development, motivation, engagement and social and-emotional learning that require processes like:

- Examining how students acquire, process, and retain information during learning involves examining factors like memory, attention, and problem-solving skills, and understanding their profound influence on academic achievement..

- In exploring motivation and engagement in educational achievement, it is crucial to investigate the roles played by both intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors, including individual interests, goal-setting, and the significant impact of teacher-student relationships on fostering student engagement.

- When delving into Social-Emotional Learning (SEL), it is essential to explore how social and emotional factors influence academic success, assess the development of skills such as self-awareness, self-regulation, social awareness, and interpersonal relationships, and consider the pivotal role that a positive school climate plays in fostering emotional well-being.

Social Perspective encompasses cultural context, peer influence, family and community involvement. To consider the impact of cultural diversity on educational achievements we should examine how cultural background, language, and socio-economic status may affect learning experiences and outcomes and evaluate the inclusivity of educational practices. We need to explore the role of peer interactions in the learning process and assess how peer relationships, collaboration, and group dynamics contribute to or hinder academic achievement.

Furthermore, the influence of family and community support on students' educational achievements is crucial, where the role of parental involvement, community resources, and societal expectations shape a student's learning environment.

In addition, we should consider different factors influencing teaching methods as learning styles, approaches and environment. Understanding diverse learning styles helps in tailoring teaching methods to individual student needs, impacting their comprehension and academic success.

By examining students' educational achievement through pedagogical, psychological, and social perspectives, we can gain a holistic understanding of the multifaceted factors that contribute to their learning outcomes. Pedagogical approaches can help educators refine teaching methods and curricula to better cater to different learning styles. Using the psychological approach, one can gain insight into cognitive processes, motivation, and emotional well-being, which can be used to create supportive learning environments. Social perspectives emphasize the importance of inclusivity and collaborative learning by highlighting the influence of cultural, peer, and community influences.

To sum up, a comprehensive evaluation that includes pedagogical, psychological, and social factors provides valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers. By acknowledging the interconnected nature of these perspectives, stakeholders can work together to create educational environments that are effective, inclusive, and centered on learning, which can foster academic success and the development of well-rounded individuals.