THE SPECIFICITY OF THE FUNCTIONING OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN LITERARY TEXTS

СПЕЦИФИКА ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМОВ В ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННЫХ ТЕКСТАХ

Гащенко Александра Павловна

студент, Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, РФ, г. Белгород

Бузина Евгения Игоревна

научный руководитель, доцент, Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, РФ, г. Белгород

Abstract. Poetic phraseology is a special section of phraseology that combines figurative phrases that occupy an intermediate position between metaphors and paraphrases. This is the language of verbal art, it is focused on the search for new expressive possibilities, on originality and change. Its main function is that it is aimed at creating an image of a person and the world that surrounds him.

Аннотация. Поэтическая фразеология – это особый раздел фразеологии объединяющий образные словосочетания, которые занимают промежуточное положение между метафорами и перифразами. Это язык словесного искусства, он ориентирован на поиски новых выразительных возможностей, на оригинальность и изменение. Его основная функция заключается в том, что он направлен на создание образа человека и мира, который его окружает.

Keywords: poetic phraseology, nominativeness, separate form, semantic integrity, idiomaticity, figurativeness, stability, reproducibility.

Ключевые слова: поэтическая фразеология, номинативность, раздельнооформленность, семантическая целостность, идиоматичность, образность, устойчивость, воспроизводимость.

A special way of existence of natural language is poetic language, which has a special imagery and expressiveness. Such properties of artistic speech are achieved by the authors through the use of language units in special poetic functions. Phraseologisms as stable combinations of words, formed by metaphorization and idiomatization, receive a special functional content in the artistic language [1, с. 210].

The special place of phraseological units in the literary texts of different authors allows scientists to single out a special section of lexicology. Poetic phraseology is a special section of phraseology that combines figurative phrases that occupy an intermediate position between metaphors and paraphrases. This is the language of verbal art, it is focused on the search for new expressive possibilities, on originality and change. Its main function is that it is aimed at creating an image of a person and the world that surrounds him. Poetic phraseological units occupy a separate and important place in it. They have the following features:

- nominativeness;

- separate arrangement;

- semantic integrity;

- idiomatic;

- figurativeness;

- stability;

- reproducibility.

Poetic phraseological units have a special figurative basis, which expresses a close relationship with the system of traditional poetic images. Only specific objects or phenomena are nominated, because these objects and phenomena are indicated by the key words of paraphrase and metaphor. The range of these subjects is large, but not all corresponding groups of words are equally active in different periods of the development of poetic creativity.

Nominativity indicates that poetic phraseological units belong to a narrow circle of thematic groups. In this case, phraseological units are needed to designate persons, landscapes, feelings, the state of a person. Poetic phraseological units belong only to three semantic-grammatical classes: subject, procedural and qualitative-circumstantial. The nominative function of objects, properties of processes and the processes themselves is performed by units of precisely these classes. They contain the image of a certain phenomenon. In the poetic function, different phraseological units can be used. Moreover, they can transform, change their connotation. Usual phraseological units are widely used, generally accepted and reproduced in speech units of the language, fixed in phraseological and explanatory dictionaries. They can be used as poetic phraseological units [4, с. 194].

The area of ​​functioning of poetic phraseological units is limited to a literary text, despite the fact that the border between traditional phraseology and poetic phraseology is open. The possibility of the transition of poetic phraseological units to general language ones arises due to the expansion of the sphere of functioning of the latter, the erasure of figurativeness, sometimes due to the desemanticization of the figurative component. Usual phraseological units, genetically close to poetic speech, have a bookish character in phraseological dictionaries with the help of stylistic marks “book”, “high”, “poet”.

Separate formatting is a property of a phraseological unit that constantly causes the actualization of its components, returning to them the status (or features) of a word in speech.

The superverbal nature of the phraseological unit determines the following main structural features:

- the presence of at least two component words (necessarily - one component, genetically ascending to the significant word);

- accentological separate design of a phraseological unit, which includes several words-components, genetically ascending to significant words;

- graphic separate design (a gap between the components of a phraseological unit);

- spelling separately, suggesting to a certain extent the lexical and grammatical independence of each component.

Idiomatic phraseologism is the impossibility to completely deduce, learn its meaning from the meanings of words, to which its components go back. The degree of idiomaticity depends on the deactualization or desemantization of its constituent elements [3, с. 167].

Most set phrases do not just name phenomena, objects, actions, signs, but also contain a certain image, this is what indicates the figurativeness of phraseology. First of all, this applies to those phraseological units, the meanings of which were formed on the basis of a linguistic metaphor, as a result of the similarity and comparison of two phenomena, of which one becomes the basis of comparison, and the other is compared with it. Some phraseological units of the Russian language are devoid of figurativeness. These include various kinds of semantically indivisible combinations, which are compound names and terms (such as coal, agenda, safety pin, eyeball), as well as phraseological units such as have a meaning, win [2, с. 144].

The stability of a poetic phraseological unit is the ability of the core component to act in combination with a specific word or in combination with one of a number of specific words.

Reproducibility is the repetition in different speech acts of the same poetic phraseological unit. The imagery of meaning is a dual vision of the object of nomination, an organic connection between the primary lexical meaning of a word and its secondary artistic and speech meaning.

Thus, poetic phraseology is the language of verbal art, which is aimed at finding new expressive possibilities, originality and change. This is achieved through the transition of ordinary phraseological units into poetic ones. In a literary text, they can transform, change their connotation [1, с. 208].

In the vocabulary of the Russian language there are not only separate words denoting the realities of the reality around us, but also soldered phrases, which are called phraseological units. They are the same independent linguistic units as words. Phraseological units are used to name various phenomena of reality.

Phraseologism is a stable phrase that, regardless of the component words, forms a semantic function and performs emotional and expressive functions in the language.

Poetic phraseological units can be transformed, change their connotation. The deformation of the semantics and structure of phraseological units aims to revive, enhance their expressiveness. The main reason for any transformation of phraseological units is the concretization of their meaning, the desire to link semantics, emotional and stylistic meaning with specific, unique context conditions.